Can You Clean A Def With Water

twenty Facts You Need To Know Virtually Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

The Environmental Protection Agency was created in the footsteps of the Clean Air Human activity of 1970. For 46 years the EPA has been constantly evolving and enacting laws to address the environmental needs of this state. For many years owners of three-quarter and 1-ton low-cal duty pickup trucks enjoyed no additional smog equipment on their vehicles. All of that changed in 2008 with the EPA required the use of diesel particulate filters on all three-quarter-ton and larger trucks also as required biannual smog tests which included a visual inspection of the vehicle to make sure the DPF parts were nevertheless on the truck. In 2010 the regulations got fifty-fifty tighter.

Many thought that the era of big power and torque were over and vowed to never purchase a new truck ever over again. However, something spectacular happened and the consummate opposite thing occurred. It turns out that Americans truly do arrange and overcome. Every i of the manufacturers figured out a style to cut downwards on the NOx levels all the while making more horsepower and torque than always earlier. Innovation is bread out of strife.

The engineering breakthrough came through the apply of the selective catalytic reduction. The vast bulk of these systems use diesel exhaust fluid (mixture of urea and deionized water) sprayed into the exhaust arrangement to pause down the generated NOx into harmless nitrogen and water molecules. Since the DEF (Diesel Frazzle Fluid) is introduced in the exhaust, besides chosen afterward-treatment technology, the manufacturer is free to build as much power every bit they desire. The DEF is stored in a separate tank which is insulated and heated and is marked by a blue filler cap.

Nevertheless in that location are two factions of diesel fuel guys out there; those who take accepted to the EPA changes and those who are still vehemently confronting any regulations whatsoever despite the work effectually technological advancements. For those non willing to accept the changes in that location has been a shift to older used diesel engines or remanufactured diesel engines that have been grandfathered in. This article aims to go over the cold hard facts about DEF and educate the populace into making smarter diesel operator decisions.

i. What exactly is Diesel fuel Frazzle Fluid (DEF)?

From a strictly chemical disposition DEF is a mixture of 67.5% deionized water and 32.5% urea.  Urea is a compound in Nitrogen that turns to ammonia when heated and is used in a multifariousness of industries. Urea is technically derived from a byproduct of urine only for mass product purposes it is synthetically made. Most DEF products are regulated past the American Petroleum Establish. Lets take a expect at the science backside DEF when mixed with exhaust. Chemically, DEF is firstly comprised of (NH2)2CO; and when injected into the hot exhaust gas the h2o evaporates leaving ammonia and isocyanic acid.

Step i: DEF Becomes Ammonia and Isocyanic Acid: (NH2)2CO → NH3 + HNCO

STEP 2: The Isocyanic Acid chemically breaks down with water into Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia:
HNCO +  H2O → CO2 + NH3 overall which is this: (NH2)2CO + H2O → 2NH3 + CO2

STEP 3: At this point during the chemic reaction Ammonia will, in the presence of oxygen and a catalyst, will reduce nitrogen oxides:
2NO + 2NH3 + ½O2 -> 2N2 + 3H2O and 3NO2 + 4NH3 -> vii/2N2 + 6H2O

Stride four: The overall reduction of NOx by urea is:
2(NH2)2CO + 4NO + O2 → 4N2 + 4H2O + 2CO2 and ii(NH2) 2CO + 3NO2 -> 7/2N2 + 4H2O + 2CO2

ii. How Frequently Do Yous Demand To Fill up Upwards the DEF Tank?

That question specifically depends on miles per gallon and usage of the diesel fuel truck in question. No matter how heavy the load, according to the OE manufacturer, the typical average light duty truck volition consume 2-iii gallons of DEF per 800 miles. However, about new trucks with an average miles per gallon rating of 20+mpg will go roughly 8,000-ten,000 miles on a tank full (10 gallons) of DPF. Each truck is different, for instance on a Contrivance Ram there is a gauge readout of exactly how much DEF is left in the tank, GM has a digital readout and Ford has a simple low DEF light.

Medium Duty and Heavy Duty Fuel models will vary but co-ordinate to Cummins Filtration DEF consumption volition exist approximately 2% of the fuel consumed. For every 50 gallons of diesel burned you volition use 1 gallon of DEF. Here are some Medium and Heavy Duty Consumption projections by our friends over at Cummins Filtration:

3. Where tin y'all purchase DEF?

Don't be fooled into thinking y'all tin buy DEF just anywhere. DEF is mostly sold at truck stops in large jugs containing multiple gallons of the stuff. Some gas stations will comport DEF but don't count on information technology if you are in a pickle. It is important to understand if yous don't refill an empty DEF tank the engine will automatically shut down. You don't desire to be stranded somewhere with an empty DEF tank considering information technology is not sold everywhere. Common places to buy DEF include TravelCenters of America, Walmart, Target, Love's Travel Shop, SAPP Brothers, Flight J Truck Stops, Petro Stopping Centers and Pilot Travel Centers, O'Reilly's, NAPA and Advanced Car. We have also compiled a list of the well-nigh popular manufactures of DEF here.

iv. What are the Pros and Cons of a DEF Truck?

In that location are very few cons with DEF as information technology is a adequately simple procedure to bargain with. However when it comes to Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) there can exist many maintenance and repair issues since they decumbent to clogging. These systems are complicated in design and a simple clogged filter tin can cause pressure level and temperature differentials that can bear upon the whole functioning of the engine.

The only cons to DEF include the additional upfront toll to the truck, added nominal weight and some additional room to store an extra gallon of the fluid. The pros are better fuel economy, increased horsepower, more optimized combustion, fewer regenerations issues, less wear on the engine and in addition it but releases nitrogen and water vapor into the air.

five. Is emissions production really an of import event?

Whether it is a big deal or not is not really not up for fence considering all 2008 lite-medium diesel fuel and up have to comply with the EPA Regulations. NOx has been blamed for smog, a rise in greenhouse gasses and acrid rain. The DEF every bit part of the Selective Catalytic Reduction system (SCR) turns NOx into pure nitrogen and water vapor. Climatic change is a heated debate merely we tin all agree that spewing more gasses of any kind into the environment isn't something we demand more than of.

6. Will DEF Lower My Fuel Mileage?

It is only natural to call up that whatsoever EPA induced changes to the diesel engine is necessarily a bad ane however information technology is quite the opposite. The major diesel manufacturers discovered it tin can fine tune the engine anyway it deems fit then allow the SRC and DEF to remove the particulate. The engines are built with functioning in mind beginning and so the SRC, DPF and DEF remove what is needed as an afterthought. Manufacturers accept found that engines containing SCR applied science oftentimes get better fuel mileage compared with other smog reduction internal systems. Fuel mixed in with the SCR finds an added source of elements to burn. Fuel mileage tin exist improved by equally much as 5%-7%

7. Has this new DEF Technology Always Been Used Earlier?

DEF engineering science has been used for decades in the country in agriculture, industrial and large scale power generation applications. The concept is the same across the board: the urea mixed with oestrus creates ammonia that causes a chemical reaction that reduces NOx by 70%-95%. In fact 90% of urea product is used as nitrogen-released fertilizer. It is important to note that automotive-grade urea is of a much higher class purity than fertilizer urea. If a lower class fertilizer urea is used in automotive engines you risk disintegration of the SCR and possible ruin the engine. Information technology may fifty-fifty trigger ECM sensors to incorrectly prompt a DEF Tank Empty warning.

8. Does DEF Evaporate Afterwards A Period of Disuse?

The answer is yeah and no. The temperature at which DEF combines with NOx exhaust right out of the cylinder head with the valves broad open up is between 1400-1600 F. The chemical reaction takes place at much hotter temperatures than on a hot sunny twenty-four hour period. For example it would accept over two years a constant rate of 125 degrees F for the DPF to plough into ammonia and evaporate. However whatsoever temperature over 86 F yous gamble some evaporation due to DEF being most ii/3 water. You lot don't take to worry about a gallon or two of the stuff turning bad or evaporating from disuse unless exposed to consequent hot climates.

9. Is DEF a Toxic and Harmful Chemic?

The active ingredient in DEF, urea, has been chemically synthesized since 1828 first by German scientist Friedrich Wöhler later on treating silverish cyanate with ammonium chloride. Urea was first discovered in urine by Dutch chemist Herman Boerhaave in 1727. Urea is mostly used in fertilizer for agronomical but also plant the chemical industry, explosives, lotions, peel creams, hair removers, plastics, dish soaps and power fuel cells. Urea and consequently DEF is not overly toxic to humans. Urea tin can be irritating to eyes, skin and the respiratory tract but not life threatening. High concentrations in the blood tin can exist damaging to humans nonetheless ingestion of low concentrations of urea ,given an acceptable water ingestion of water, are not harmful. In nature urea can cause algal booms which when decomposes to a higher place its heating or melting point can cause toxic gases. Mixed with certain oxidants, chlorides, nitrites tin cause fire or even explosions.

10. What happens to the engine if the DEF Tank is empty?

All diesel engine manufacturersare now required past the EPA to integrate some tiered warning system (internal gauges on the dash) to let the driver know exactly how close to empty the DEF tank is. If you ignore the DEF warning the truck will end to work. Some diesel fuel engine manufacturers allow the engine to go into reduced power fashion then the truck can "limp domicile" or limit the number of times you can plough the engine over. At some point though the diesel engine will not start. Treat the DEF tank just like you would the fuel tank; yous don't want to end up stranded somewhere because you didn't refill the DEF tank.

eleven. Does DEF Accept a Depression Freeze Bespeak?

The standard 32.5% solution of DEF will begin go crystallize and freeze at 12 F. The Urea and water in DEF, when mixed, will freeze at the same charge per unit. This is benign to the user because when the fluid thaws the DEF solution does not become diluted or overly concentrated. Freezing and thawing cycles has no touch on on the grade of the production. DEF expands when frozen as much equally vi.5% - seven% by book. The packaging allows for leeway for freezing periods.

12. What is the all-time method to continue DEF from freezing?

Information technology is perfectly safety to go along a gallon or two of DEF in your vehicle however information technology is not advisable. DEF will first to decompose at 86 F. It is very piece of cake to forget about the DEF sitting in the back of your truck and given an extended period of hot days the fluid can become unstable and decompose just at a very minimal rate. A diluted DEF without the mixture of 32.v% urea tin be dissentious to DEF and SCR but cases of that happening are rare. Consequently DEF will freeze in the DEF tank on extremely common cold days below 12 F. That is perfectly normal and volition not injure the engine. The SCR systems are designed to provide heat to the DEF tank which will chop-chop thaw the tank and supporting supply lines.

thirteen. Tin I add anti-freezing solution to the DEF mixture to keep it from freezing?

DEF is a very specific formula of 32.5% Urea and water even so the solution contains other compounds in minute quantities to stabilize the product. An additive to the mixture would upset the very precise chemic makeup and thus reduce the NOx reducing properties. Further blending of the DEF mixture will compromise its ability to piece of work properly every bit will cause damage to the SCR system.

xiv.  How much does DEF Weigh and will it load down my tuck?

DEF weighs almost nine lbs per gallon. A typical light duty/medium duty truck will take a tank roughly 3-5 gallons.

15. How is the production of DEF regulated and can I make my own?

It is not recommended that the direct consumer produce their own DEF. DEF is closely regulated and has precise requirements for maintaining chemical purity and contains ingredients that are crucial to working in conjunction with the SCR system. Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel among others require that the DEF to be used with the SCR systems and run across all ISO guidelines and API requirements. API certification is a completely voluntary program established by the American Petroleum Institute (API) which certifies the chemical pureness of DEF and that manufacturers come across ISO specifications. All major brands of DEF available to the consumer market place meet API Certification.

16. What is the shelf life of DEF?

If the DEF is stored at ambient temperatures of 75 F with no major periods of exposure to oestrus over 86 F then the batch of DEF will last roughly two years. If a package of DEF is exposed to periods of heating the fluid will concluding approximately one yr.

17. Who are the major manufacturers of DEF Fluid?

At that place are many manufacturers of DEF Fluid. The website, "Oilmen Truck Tanks" has compiled a list of 13 major manufactures. DEF is constitute at most major truck stops, auto parts stores and convenience stores for roughly $2-$three per gallon.

18. How tin can y'all decide the age of a container of DEF?

Every single DEF package has a manufacturers engagement located somewhere on the production. Most likely information technology is on the front end of the packet near the bottom. This date code will tell the exact date the batch was produced and subsequently the historic period of the bottle of DEF. 1 gallon containers have a laser code imprinted on the bottle. Larger 2-5 gallon tanks usually accept a small engagement code imprinted on the label of the product. Larger drums of DEF fluid (55 gallons +) and totes (275-355 gallons) will have a larger characterization practical to the side or top of the drum. Reading a manufactures code can exist a bit tricky and each i is a little bit different. Usually the outset digit of the date lawmaking represents the batch number and the next half-dozen digits reflect the date the batch was filled at the factory.

nineteen. How do you identify a DEF Filling Pump Vs. a Diesel fuel Fuel Pump?

There have been multiple measures implemented to prevent diesel engine fuelfrom being pumped into the DEF tank and vice versa. "Greenish" is the international colour of diesel fuel filling stations and pumps. "Blue" has been adopted as the colour of choice to represent DEF fluid. A standard nozzle diameter of 19 mm has been designed to manipulate DEF; a standard diesel fuel fuel nozzle is 22 mm. The tank cap on pretty much all trucks should also be a "brightly colored blue" as a terminal preventative visual measure to stop diesel from going into the DEF tank.

20. What should I do if I accidentally dispense diesel fuel into the DEF?

First off, do not panic. Secondly, do not nether any circumstances commencement the engine. Simply dumping diesel fuel in the DEF and vice versa (DEF in the fuel tank) will not impairment your engine if you do non start the engine. The SCR should recognize that at that place is a solution other than DEF in the tank and notify the driver via the ECM readout on the dashboard. Information technology is likewise of import not to move the vehicle. Moving the vehicle can causing the spread of the fuel into the lines and into the SCR. The best matter to do is drain the tank with the vehicle in its original position. If the engine is started for even a short time diesel fuel will ruin the SCR goad which is very costly to replace and volition be out of warranty. If DEF enters the fuel system and spread throughout the engine it will ruin the diesel engine eventually. The fuel system lines are not compatible with DEF and slowly corrode and over time.

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